Intervertebral disc-on-a-chip: a precision engineered toolbox for low back pain studies.

Current in vitro intervertebral disc (IVD) models do not fully recapitulate the complex mechanobiology of native tissue, and so far there is no strategy to effectively evaluate IVD regeneration. The development of a modular microfluidic on-chip model is expected to enhance the physiological relevance of experimental data leading to successful clinical outcomes.