Nonsurgical Interventional Spine Pain Procedures: Outcomes and Complications.

»: Nonsurgical interventional spine pain procedures provide an additional treatment option for lower back pain at the traditional bifurcation of conversative vs. operative management.

»: Transforaminal epidural steroid injections, radiofrequency ablations, intrathecal drug delivery, and spinal cord stimulation were found to be effective and safe techniques when applied to their specific indication.

»: Thermal annuloplasty and minimally invasive lumbar decompression showed mixed support.

»: Discography, sacroiliac joint injections, and spinous process spacers lacked sufficient evidence to support efficacy.

»: Medial branch blocks and facet joint injections were found to be useful diagnostic tools.