Arthroscopic treatment of ankle osteochondral lesions.

Arthroscopic treatment of osteochondral lesions (OCLs) of the ankle is a popular first-line surgical option after conservative therapy has failed. MRI is the preferred imaging modality to evaluate OCLs and aid in surgical planning. Associated soft tissue pathology must be appreciated and addressed surgically, because associated synovitis and soft tissue impingement often contribute to symptoms. The diverse treatment modalities available via arthroscopy offer simplistic and straightforward solutions for biologically and mechanically complicated pathology. Marrow-stimulating techniques, particularly microfracture, have shown good to excellent results in most patients with small (<15 mm) acute lesions, and have a low complication rate.