The Journal of prosthetic dentistry · 2021
Effects of surface treatments on the bonding properties of polyetherketoneketone to dentin: An in vitro study.
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Wang Chenwei, Sun Fangfang, Zhang Jiaqi, Chen Xi, Wu Guofeng
Аннотация
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Polyetherketoneketone (PEKK) has been recently introduced as a dental material for fixed dental prostheses. However, how surface treatments affect the bonding of PEKK to dentin is unclear.
PURPOSE: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effects of airborne-particle abrasion and acid etching on the bonding of PEKK to dentin.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: Eighty-four PEKK specimens were fabricated, polished, and divided into 6 groups (n=14): no treatment (group NT), airborne-particle abrasion with 110-μm alumina particles (group Al), 98% sulfuric acid etching for 5 seconds (group SA5), 98% sulfuric acid etching for 30 seconds (group SA30), 98% sulfuric acid etching for 60 seconds (group SA60), and airborne-particle abrasion plus 98% sulfuric acid for 5 seconds (group AlSA5). Sixty PEKK specimens (n=10) were fabricated for the shear bond test. Another 24 PEKK specimens (n=4) were fabricated for surface element analysis and morphological observations. For each group, 2 specimens after surface treatments were randomly selected to examine scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations and surface element analysis. Another 2 specimens after bonding were randomly selected to examine cross-sectional observations. Airborne-particle abrasion with 110-μm alumina particles was performed to cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) specimens (group Co-Cr, n=10). A light-polymerizing polymethylmethacrylate and composite resin primer (visio.link) was applied to the treated PEKK specimens and bonded with a resin cement (RelyX Ultimate) to dentin. The Co-Cr specimens were bonded with the resin cement to dentin. The shear bond strengths of all groups were tested by using a universal testing machine, and fracture analysis was performed. A statistical analysis was performed by using 1-way ANOVA, followed by the Student-Newman-Keuls-q post hoc test (α=.05).
RESULTS: The shear bond strengths of groups SA5 and AlSA5 were higher than those of groups NT, Al, SA30, SA60, and Co-Cr (P＜.05). Group SA5 achieved the highest shear bond strength (16.84 ±1.84 MPa). The SEM observations showed that after surface treatments, groups SA5 and AlSA5 had a uniform sponge shape with small pores, while groups SA30 and SA60 had a collapsed shape with large pits and pores. The sulfur element content and H2SO4-etched thicknesses of groups SA30 and SA60 were higher than those of groups SA5 and AlSA5. The cross-sectional SEM observations of groups SA30 and SA60 after bonding revealed that H2SO4-etched pores were deeper and not filled with the bonding material.
CONCLUSIONS: Compared with airborne-particle abrasion, the 98% sulfuric acid etching significantly improved the shear bond strength of PEKK to dentin. The surface treatment of 98% sulfuric acid etching for 5 seconds led to the high bond strength of PEKK to dentin, which meets the requirements for clinical use.
PURPOSE: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effects of airborne-particle abrasion and acid etching on the bonding of PEKK to dentin.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: Eighty-four PEKK specimens were fabricated, polished, and divided into 6 groups (n=14): no treatment (group NT), airborne-particle abrasion with 110-μm alumina particles (group Al), 98% sulfuric acid etching for 5 seconds (group SA5), 98% sulfuric acid etching for 30 seconds (group SA30), 98% sulfuric acid etching for 60 seconds (group SA60), and airborne-particle abrasion plus 98% sulfuric acid for 5 seconds (group AlSA5). Sixty PEKK specimens (n=10) were fabricated for the shear bond test. Another 24 PEKK specimens (n=4) were fabricated for surface element analysis and morphological observations. For each group, 2 specimens after surface treatments were randomly selected to examine scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations and surface element analysis. Another 2 specimens after bonding were randomly selected to examine cross-sectional observations. Airborne-particle abrasion with 110-μm alumina particles was performed to cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) specimens (group Co-Cr, n=10). A light-polymerizing polymethylmethacrylate and composite resin primer (visio.link) was applied to the treated PEKK specimens and bonded with a resin cement (RelyX Ultimate) to dentin. The Co-Cr specimens were bonded with the resin cement to dentin. The shear bond strengths of all groups were tested by using a universal testing machine, and fracture analysis was performed. A statistical analysis was performed by using 1-way ANOVA, followed by the Student-Newman-Keuls-q post hoc test (α=.05).
RESULTS: The shear bond strengths of groups SA5 and AlSA5 were higher than those of groups NT, Al, SA30, SA60, and Co-Cr (P＜.05). Group SA5 achieved the highest shear bond strength (16.84 ±1.84 MPa). The SEM observations showed that after surface treatments, groups SA5 and AlSA5 had a uniform sponge shape with small pores, while groups SA30 and SA60 had a collapsed shape with large pits and pores. The sulfur element content and H2SO4-etched thicknesses of groups SA30 and SA60 were higher than those of groups SA5 and AlSA5. The cross-sectional SEM observations of groups SA30 and SA60 after bonding revealed that H2SO4-etched pores were deeper and not filled with the bonding material.
CONCLUSIONS: Compared with airborne-particle abrasion, the 98% sulfuric acid etching significantly improved the shear bond strength of PEKK to dentin. The surface treatment of 98% sulfuric acid etching for 5 seconds led to the high bond strength of PEKK to dentin, which meets the requirements for clinical use.