[Temporomandibular joint (TMJ): Condyle hyperplasia and condylectomy].

The mandibular condyle is a special structure. Its embryology and physiology provide to the TMJ a particular behavior that explains the occurrence of specific diseases. Condyle hyperplasia is one of these disorders. It can be explained by a dysregulation of the prechondroblast cell layer within the cartilage cap providing an increase in volume first of the condyle, then of the ramus and finally of the entire affected hemiface. Mandible deformation affects the basal bone, leading to dento-alveolar deformations related to compensation attempts. Controversies, condylectomy is performed by many surgeons. This procedure allows for the correction of some of the dento-alveolar compensations. In some cases, an additional orthognathic surgery will be required to achieve a perfect result.