Tramadol for the treatment of fibromyalgia.

Tramadol is a novel, synthetic opioid receptor agonist with serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor properties that is often prescribed acutely for painful conditions. Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic painful condition that is difficult to treat and until more recently has had no approved medical treatments. Currently, the only US FDA-approved medications for FM include duloxetine, milnacipran and pregabalin. No opioid is approved for use in the treatment of FM. This paper specifically reviews the literature on tramadol use in FM and concludes that there is a fair evidence base to support its use as a second-line treatment for more resistant cases.