[Complication management for failed bone fracture healing: pseudarthrosis].

Delayed fracture healing for more than 6-8 months is defined as non-union (pseudarthrosis). Non-unions are classifiable as septic, aseptic, hypertrophic and atrophic non-unions. In case of septic non-unions the infection is treated primarily followed by treatment of the delayed fracture healing. Aseptic non-unions may be treated non-operatively (e.g. shock wave therapy and/or ultrasound) or by various surgical strategies to stimulate bone regeneration and healing.