Hepatitis C-associated rheumatic disorders.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is an important causative agent of liver diseases. However, HCV infection is also associated with numerous hematologic, renal, dermatologic, rheumatic, and autoimmune disorders. These include arthralgia, arthritis, vasculitis, sicca syndrome, myalgia, and fibromyalgia. The purpose of this article is to review the prevalence and spectrum of rheumatic disorders and autoimmune phenomena in HCV-infected patients. It evaluates and current treatment options including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, low-dose corticosteroids, hydroxychloroquine, methotrexate, penicillamine, combined antiviral therapy, cyclosporin A, anti-TNF-a agents, and rituximab. It concludes that larger, controlled studies are needed to establish further the treatment indications, efficacy, and safety of these agents.