Strengthening the Evidence Base for Pediatric Cardiac CT: Statistical and Technological Considerations.

BACKGROUND

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Individuals with CVD are particularly vulnerable to severe complications from vaccine-preventable infections; however, adult vaccination continues to be underutilized.

METHODS

A multidisciplinary expert panel from the Saudi Heart Association (SHA) conducted a comprehensive literature review and a series of consensus meetings to develop evidence-based recommendations for adult immunization in patients with CVD.

RESULTS AND

CONCLUSIONS

Evidence from randomized trials, observational studies, and real-world data supports the role of vaccines in reducing the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events in individuals with CVD. The SHA recommends the implementation of age-appropriate vaccinations against influenza, COVID-19, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), herpes zoster, pneumococcal disease and meningococcal disease as an integral component of cardiovascular care. Recommendations emphasize routine vaccine assessment, integration into cardiology practice, healthcare provider engagement, patient education, and leveraging high-risk periods such as Hajj and Umrah for vaccination outreach.