Research Progress on the Prevention and Treatment of Postoperative Complications of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in Elderly Patients: A Narrative Review.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a leading cause of lower urinary tract symptoms in middle-aged and elderly men. Surgery remains an important treatment option for BPH with moderate-to-severe symptoms, yet postoperative complications adversely affect patients' quality of life. With an aging patient population and the emergence of new surgical technologies, traditional prevention strategies face new challenges. This review examines how the rising complexity of the elderly cohort is reshaping postoperative care paradigms, and how two key drivers-Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) and laser technology evolution-are responding to this challenge. First, it analyses the unique risk spectrum of the elderly compared with younger patients, underscoring the need for individualized pathways integrating comprehensive geriatric assessment. Second, it elucidates how ERAS, through optimized perioperative care, directly mitigates specific postoperative complications. Third, it explores how laser techniques have transformed the complication profile and how technique-specific risks are managed in the context of the aging population. Finally, this narrative review synthesizes these dimensions into a cross-dimensional framework for risk prediction, targeted prevention, and personalized care, aiming to provide new ideas for clinical practice and future research. By integrating geriatric assessment, ERAS principles, and laser-specific considerations, this framework aims to provide new ideas for clinical practice and guide future research toward safer, outcome-driven BPH surgery in the aging population.