Diffuse peritoneal chlamydial infection presenting as possible ovarian peritoneal carcinomatosis in an adolescent female.

A 17-year-old girl presented with significant abdominal ascites associated with periumbilical pain. On examination, her abdomen was found to be soft and moderately distended with left lower quadrant tenderness. Abdominal computed tomographic scan demonstrated not only ascites but also diffuse peritoneal enhancement, a left-sided enhancing adnexal mass displacing the uterus to the right, as well as omental caking. Alpha fetoprotein level was normal, whereas carcinoembryonic antigen (3.4 ng/mL) and cancer antigen 125 (315 U/mL) were mildly elevated. Based on these findings, a presumptive diagnosis of peritoneal carcinomatosis of ovarian origin was made. However, intraoperative biopsy of the left adnexal mass showed only a lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate. Chlamydial polymerase chain reaction of an intraoperative cervical sample was positive, and the final diagnosis was complicated pelvic inflammatory disease. The patient responded well to a prolonged course of antibiotics.