Disease Stage-Dependent Association Between Nephrotic-Range Proteinuria and Severe Acute Kidney Injury in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis.

Background

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common and serious complication in patients with liver cirrhosis and is associated with poor outcomes. However, whether the association between nephrotic-range proteinuria (NRP) and severe AKI varies by liver disease severity remains unclear.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study included 408 adult patients with cirrhosis stratified by Child-Pugh class (A, B, and C). Severe AKI was defined as Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes stage 2-3. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed in the overall cohort and within each class, with the additional evaluation of interaction effects.

Results

The incidence of severe AKI increased from 18.4% in class A to 38.8% in class C. In the extended multivariable model incorporating hemodynamic and inflammatory variables, nephrotic-range proteinuria was not significantly associated with severe AKI. In stratified analyses, a significant association was observed only in Child-Pugh class A. Additional analyses suggested that this relationship was attenuated after accounting for sepsis and systemic severity.

Conclusions

Although NRP prevalence was similar across Child-Pugh classes, the association between NRP and severe AKI appeared to vary by disease stage, particularly before adjustment for systemic severity.