Abdominal Compartment Syndrome Following Endovascular Aneurysm Repair for Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: A Challenging Case.

INTRODUCTION

Abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) is a serious complication that can occur after endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) for ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (rAAA). Prompt recognition and appropriate management are crucial to improve patient outcomes.

CASE PRESENTATION: An octogenarian with an 11-cm rAAA underwent emergent EVAR due to cardiovascular instability. Postoperatively, the patient developed ACS, necessitating open abdominal management (OAM) due to intestinal edema and retroperitoneal hematoma. Despite multiple surgical interventions, including aneurysmorrhaphy and removal of retroperitoneal hematoma, the patient experienced prolonged difficulty in abdominal closure. The following procedures were attempted for abdominal closure: 1) Dissection of skin and subcutaneous tissues from the rectus sheath on both sides. 2) Release of the external oblique muscle from the anterior layer of the rectus by longitudinally cutting the superficial fascia. 3) Closure of both rectus sheaths with horizontal mattress sutures and negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT). On POD 20, fluid accumulation from bleeding complicated abdominal closure. However, the abdominal wall was successfully closed by achieving hemostasis and using NPWT. Despite these efforts, the patient developed multiple organ failure, including respiratory and renal failure. Sepsis ultimately led to the patient's death on the 80th POD.

CONCLUSIONS

ACS following EVAR for rAAA significantly impacts patient prognosis. Specific techniques for abdominal closure, as described in this case, may help minimize the duration of OAM in challenging cases.