Evaluating benign breast disease.

Benign breast diseases are present in some form in nearly all women. A basic understanding of breast anatomy and physiology, underlying pathology and methods available for evaluating breast problems provides the ability to assess the client's breast complaint. Four common breast problems--fibrocystic disease, fibroadenoma, mammary duct ectasia, and intraductal papilloma--are described along with guidelines for assessment and referral or follow-up. Current breast-imaging options are discussed in terms of their usefulness and limitations. The value of consumer education regarding benign breast problems cannot be overstated. The National Cancer Institute offers free consumer information explaining benign breast diseases and evaluation techniques.