Medical gases and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: therapeutic mechanisms and research advances.

Hypertensive disorders during pregnancy pose a serious threat to the health of both mothers and infants, yet the range of available clinical treatments is limited. This review summarizes the mechanisms and recent advances in the use of medical gases, such as nitric oxide, hyperbaric oxygen, carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulfide, in the treatment of this condition. These gaseous molecules have unique protective effects, including regulating vascular tone, improving placental blood perfusion and inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. However, their clinical application faces major challenges, including precise dose control, optimization of delivery methods and assessment of long-term safety. While this review suggests that medical gas therapy provides new avenues for research and potential applications in the management of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, it also highlights the need for further basic and clinical studies to clarify their precise mechanisms.