Pediatrics and neonatology · 2026
Weight trajectories of vulnerable infants before and during the COVID-19 era.
СтатьяНазвание и аннотация: Перевод в очереди
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Ha Eunkyo, Kim Ju Hee, Shin Jeewon, Han Boeun, Han Man Yong
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Infants born preterm, with low birth weight, or requiring neonatal intensive care may be especially vulnerable to growth disruptions during events like the COVID-19 pandemic. We evaluated the pandemic's impact on their growth.
METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using an interrupted time-series design to assess changes in weight gain among 11,663 vulnerable infants born in South Korea between January 2015 and December 2021. Infants were grouped into two pre-pandemic cohorts (2015-2017 and 2018-January 2020) and a pandemic cohort (February 2020-December 2021). Weight gain from birth to 12 months (corrected age) was assessed using changes in weight-for-age z-scores (ΔWAZ), categorized into four ranges: ΔWAZ <0; 0 ≤ ΔWAZ ≤ +0.67; +0.67 < ΔWAZ ≤ +1.0; ΔWAZ > +1.0. Segmented regression was used to evaluate level and trend changes at the pandemic onset, adjusting for demographic and perinatal factors.
RESULTS: The mean ΔWAZ was +0.31 (SD 0.89). Across all birth weight groups, ΔWAZ increased from the pre-pandemic to the pandemic period, with a noticeable inflection at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. In the normal birth weight group (≥2.5 kg), mean ΔWAZ rose from +0.66 to +0.78 and then to +0.83. Extremely low birth weight infants (<1.0 kg) showed improvement, from -0.89 to -0.82 and -0.59. There was a significant immediate increase in accelerated weight gain (IRR 1.18, 95% CI: 1.11 to 1.26, p < 0.001), most pronounced among infants with higher gestational age, though this was not sustained.
CONCLUSION: Despite initial concerns, vulnerable infants did not experience growth faltering during the pandemic. Instead, modest increases in weight gain were observed, with variations across different subgroups.
METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using an interrupted time-series design to assess changes in weight gain among 11,663 vulnerable infants born in South Korea between January 2015 and December 2021. Infants were grouped into two pre-pandemic cohorts (2015-2017 and 2018-January 2020) and a pandemic cohort (February 2020-December 2021). Weight gain from birth to 12 months (corrected age) was assessed using changes in weight-for-age z-scores (ΔWAZ), categorized into four ranges: ΔWAZ <0; 0 ≤ ΔWAZ ≤ +0.67; +0.67 < ΔWAZ ≤ +1.0; ΔWAZ > +1.0. Segmented regression was used to evaluate level and trend changes at the pandemic onset, adjusting for demographic and perinatal factors.
RESULTS: The mean ΔWAZ was +0.31 (SD 0.89). Across all birth weight groups, ΔWAZ increased from the pre-pandemic to the pandemic period, with a noticeable inflection at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. In the normal birth weight group (≥2.5 kg), mean ΔWAZ rose from +0.66 to +0.78 and then to +0.83. Extremely low birth weight infants (<1.0 kg) showed improvement, from -0.89 to -0.82 and -0.59. There was a significant immediate increase in accelerated weight gain (IRR 1.18, 95% CI: 1.11 to 1.26, p < 0.001), most pronounced among infants with higher gestational age, though this was not sustained.
CONCLUSION: Despite initial concerns, vulnerable infants did not experience growth faltering during the pandemic. Instead, modest increases in weight gain were observed, with variations across different subgroups.