Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
Hyperemesis in Pregnancy: Complications and Treatment.
СтатьяОбзорНазвание и аннотация: Перевод в очереди
Обработка статьи · этапы, ошибки и управление
Загрузка состояния…
Ошибки и ограничения
История · было → стало
Состояние обновляется каждые 5 секунд, пока блок открыт. Процент показывается только там, где известен объём работы. Пауза останавливает продолжение этапа; текущий запрос к источнику может завершиться.
Gerede Angeliki, Stavros Sofoklis, Moustakli Efthalia, Potiris Anastasios, Orgianelis Ilias, Zikopoulos Athanasios, Drakakis Peter, Domali Ekaterini, Eleutheriades Makarios, Nikolettos Nikolaos
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) is the leading cause of hospitalization during early pregnancy, affecting approximately 0.3-3% of pregnancies. It represents the most severe end of the nausea and vomiting in pregnancy (NVP) spectrum and is associated with substantial maternal morbidity and potential adverse fetal outcomes. Despite extensive research, the exact pathophysiology remains poorly understood, and optimal management strategies continue to be debated.
METHODS: This narrative review synthesizes current evidence on the complications and treatment approaches for HG. A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Medline up to October 2024 using predefined keywords. Eligible sources included observational studies, cohort studies, descriptive studies, and case reports. Systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and non-English articles were excluded.
RESULTS: HG is associated with a broad spectrum of complications, including dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, Wernicke's encephalopathy, cardiac arrhythmias, thromboembolism, and adverse pregnancy outcomes such as fetal growth restriction and preterm birth. Pharmacological treatments-most notably doxylamine-pyridoxine (the only FDA-approved therapy), ondansetron, metoclopramide, and corticosteroids-have demonstrated varying efficacy and safety profiles. Non-pharmacological interventions such as acupressure, dietary adjustments, psychotherapy, and hypnosis have also been studied, although evidence remains limited.
CONCLUSIONS: HG requires a comprehensive and individualized management approach. While doxylamine-pyridoxine remains the cornerstone of therapy, other pharmacologic and supportive measures may offer additional benefit. Continued research is essential to clarify the underlying mechanisms, improve therapeutic efficacy, and develop evidence-based guidelines that integrate both medical and psychosocial care for affected women.
METHODS: This narrative review synthesizes current evidence on the complications and treatment approaches for HG. A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Medline up to October 2024 using predefined keywords. Eligible sources included observational studies, cohort studies, descriptive studies, and case reports. Systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and non-English articles were excluded.
RESULTS: HG is associated with a broad spectrum of complications, including dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, Wernicke's encephalopathy, cardiac arrhythmias, thromboembolism, and adverse pregnancy outcomes such as fetal growth restriction and preterm birth. Pharmacological treatments-most notably doxylamine-pyridoxine (the only FDA-approved therapy), ondansetron, metoclopramide, and corticosteroids-have demonstrated varying efficacy and safety profiles. Non-pharmacological interventions such as acupressure, dietary adjustments, psychotherapy, and hypnosis have also been studied, although evidence remains limited.
CONCLUSIONS: HG requires a comprehensive and individualized management approach. While doxylamine-pyridoxine remains the cornerstone of therapy, other pharmacologic and supportive measures may offer additional benefit. Continued research is essential to clarify the underlying mechanisms, improve therapeutic efficacy, and develop evidence-based guidelines that integrate both medical and psychosocial care for affected women.