Challenges in Prenatal Ultrasound Diagnosis of Rubinstein-Taybi Syndrome: A Case Report and Comprehensive Literature Review.

Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome (RSTS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by distinctive craniofacial, limb, and developmental abnormalities, often identified postnatally. Prenatal diagnosis remains challenging due to a scarcity of ultrasound diagnostic markers and a wide range of phenotypic manifestations. We describe the case of a 28-year-old pregnant patient who presented to our center after fetal abnormalities such as aberrant cranial morphology, a shorter femur, and rocker-bottom feet were detected. A comprehensive ultrasound examination at 26 weeks revealed skeletal and craniofacial characteristics suggestive of RSTS, which prompted genetic counseling and molecular karyotyping. Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array analysis confirmed a loss on chromosome 16p13.3, including the CREB-binding protein (CREBBP) gene, confirming the suspicion. This case emphasizes the importance of genetic testing and sophisticated prenatal imaging in enabling an early and precise diagnosis of RSTS, offering important information on its prenatal phenotype and supporting family counseling. Extensive research becomes vital in establishing precise ultrasound markers for the early detection of RSTS during pregnancy.