Prevention and management of complications in frontal sinus surgery.

Frontal sinus surgery continues to remain one of the most challenging areas for sinus surgeons. Many different techniques have been introduced for dealing with the frontal sinus. These can range from conservative, mucus membrane-preserving, strictly endoscopic techniques to radical endoscopic and open procedures using drills and burrs to create large openings, all with the aim of keeping the frontal sinus aerated, disease free, and functional in the long-term. This article deals not only with ways in which surgical techniques can be used to minimize or prevent complications in this difficult area but also on how to deal with complications when they occur.