[Anthropometric data, fetal and neonatal complications in infants of diabetic mothers. Results of a 10-year retrospective study].

INTRODUCTION

Disturbances in carbohydrate metabolism during pregnancy may result in harmful fetal and neonatal consequences.

OBJECTIVES

To assess the fetal and neonatal complications of pregnancy in mothers with gestational and pregestational diabetes during a 10-year period in a county hospital in Hungary.

METHODS

Retrospective analysis of infants of diabetic mothers admitted to the neonatal unit between 2001 and 2010.

RESULTS

32% of the infants were transferred to the neonatal unit. Neonatal macrosomia (birth weight >90 centile) was observed in one quarter of the infants. 39% of the infants developed hypoglycemia (blood glucose <2.6 mmol/l), in the majority of the cases within the first 8 hours. Hypoglycaemia was symptomatic in 55% of the infants. Hypocalcemia was observed in 17%, hyperviscosity in 23%, hyperbilirubinaemia in 32%, respiratory distress syndrome and/or transient tachypnoe in 22% and cardiac complications in 13% of the infants. 10% of the inafnts were affected with birth injuries. Congenital anomalies were seen in 17% of the cases, and severe malformations were present in 4% of the infants.

CONCLUSIONS

Despite modern diabetes management, there is still a higher incidence of fetal macrosomia, adverse neonatal outcomes and a higher rate of severe congenital malformations in neonates of diabetic mothers.