Use of High-Frequency Ventilation in the Newborn: Jet, Oscillator, Flow Interruption or Percussion?

In the sentence beginning with "High-frequency ventilation (HFV) maintains functional residual capacity and minimizes ventilator-induced lung injury by delivering subdead-space tidal volumes at supraphysiologic frequencies. Its performance depends on airway size and lung mechanics, making it effective in preterm infants with low compliance. HFV modalities include high-frequency jet ventilation, delivering rapid gas pulses with passive exhalation to improve gas exchange and support lung stabilization, especially in air-leak syndromes; high-frequency oscillatory ventilation, providing bidirectional oscillations at constant mean airway pressure, enabling alveolar recruitment while limiting volutrauma and atelectrauma, with volume-guarantee strategies enhancing stability and protection; and less common percussive or flow-interruption ventilation with limited neonatal evidence…" please link the citations to the references as appropriate.