Development and Psychometric Evaluation of the End-Stage Renal Disease Adherence Questionnaire-Short Form: English, Spanish, and Korean Versions.

The End-Stage Renal Disease Adherence Questionnaire (ESRD-AQ) evaluates adherence behaviors of patients on maintenance hemodialysis (e.g., hemodialysis attendance, medication use, fluid restrictions, and diet restrictions). The ESRD-AQ, with 46 items, is considered lengthy by some clinicians with time constraints. Therefore, this study was conducted to develop and psychometrically evaluate a 9-item short form of the ESRD-AQ (ESRD-AQ-SF) for faster and more efficient administration. Content validity, construct validity, and test-retest reliability were assessed. Results demonstrated that the ESRD-AQ-SF is a valid and reliable tool for evaluating treatment adherence in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis.