Treatment outcomes of acute leukemia during pregnancy at the National Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion.

Managing acute leukemia during pregnancy poses clinical challenges requiring a balance between maternal treatment and fetal preservation. From 2019 to 2024, 22 pregnant women were diagnosed with acute leukemia, including 7 acute lymphoblastic leukemia, 15 cases of acute myeloid leukemia, of which 1 was acute promyelocytic leukemia. Diagnosis occurred in the first, second, and third trimesters in 5, 10, and 7 patients, respectively. Nine patients elected pregnancy termination, one had a spontaneous abortion, one had intrauterine fetal demise, and three experienced concurrent maternal and fetal death. Eight patients delivered via elective cesarean section, including one twin pregnancy, resulting in 9 live births. Four neonates (including one twin pregnancy) were exposed to in utero chemotherapy, with no observed congenital anomalies. Chemotherapy was administered to 11 patients, including 3 during pregnancy, all achieving temporary disease control. These findings provide real-world data to inform the management of acute leukemia during pregnancy.