Zika virus infection in early pregnancy increases the likelihood of persistent neutralizing antibodies.
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Falcão de Oliveira Everton, Carvalho Amanda Torrentes de, Venancio Fabio Antonio, Quilião Maria Eulina, Gabeira Sanny Cerqueira de Oliveira, Leite Silvia Helena Dos Santos, Salú Margarida Dos Santos, Lima Sheila Maria Barbosa de, Alves Nathalia Dos Santos, Moura Luma da Cruz, Schwarcz Waleska Dias, Azevedo Adriana de Souza, Demarchi Luiz Henrique Ferraz, Zardin Marina Castilhos Souza Umaki, Lichs Gislene Garcia de Castro, Taira Deborah Ledesma, Nascimento Ana Isabel do, Fernandes Wagner de Souza, Alves Natália Oliveira, Casaril Arrua Aline Etelvina, Medeiros Márcio José de, Cunha Rivaldo Venâncio da, Vasconcelos Zilton, Santos-Pinto Cláudia Du Bocage, Nielsen-Saines Karin
Аннотация
METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We conducted a cross-sectional serological study using stored serum samples from a cohort of mother-child pairs with confirmed maternal ZIKV infection during pregnancy in Campo Grande, Brazil. ZIKV nAb titers were measured in samples collected approximately 3-4 years after maternal infection using plaque reduction neutralization testing. Among 77 women, 66.2% (51/77) had ZIKV nAbs above the cutoff point, with higher titers observed in patients with first trimester infection. In contrast, only 2 of 72 children (2.8%) presented detectable ZIKV nAbs following clearance of maternal antibodies. No clear association was found between maternal nAb titers and adverse child outcomes.
CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Our findings suggest long-term persistence of neutralizing antibodies in most women infected with ZIKV during pregnancy, especially when infection occurred in the first trimester of pregnancy ZIKV-specific nAb persistence was rare in children with antenatal exposure once maternal antibodies waned, reinforcing concerns about limited postnatal protection in this group. These results underscore the importance of further studies to clarify the role of neutralizing antibodies in long-term protection and disease pathogenesis, particularly in endemic regions where the risk of reinfection or exposure to related arboviruses remains high.