Amputation of the lower extremity: an overview.

Amputation of the lower extremity may be traumatic or a necessary procedure to prevent further morbidity and possibly death in a patient. Advances have been made in the area of lower extremity amputation surgery and subsequent management. Prosthetic design has resulted in more lightweight, better fitting prostheses that more closely resemble the workings of a normal leg and foot. This results in a decrease in energy expenditure with walking and allows an increased activity level for amputees. This article addresses factors concerning phantom limb sensations and pain, prosthesis use and nursing considerations in rehabilitation.