Physical therapy in sport : official journal of the Association of Chartered Physiotherapists in Sports Medicine · 2026
Investigating internal and external focus of attention strategies during return-to-sport tests post- anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR).
СтатьяНазвание и аннотация: Перевод в очереди
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Ozsoy Habib, Harput Gulcan, Gokeler Alli, Turhan Egemen, Donmez Gurhan, Bayrakci Tunay Volga
Аннотация
OBJECTIVE: To examine the acute effects of different attentional focus instructions (External Focus-EF, Internal Focus-IF, Neutral Focus-NF) on isokinetic strength, hop distances, and dynamic balance performance during clinical return-to-sport (RTS) assessments post- ACLR.
DESIGN/SETTING/PATIENTS: Cross-sectional study in a research laboratory. 35 participants (10F/25M, 24,3 ± 7,77 years) who underwent primary unilateral ACLR with hamstring grafts (35.1 ± 9.2 weeks post-surgery) were included.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Participants performed isokinetic knee extension/flexion, Y-Balance Test (YBT), single/triple/crossover hops, and vertical jumps under randomized EF, IF, and NF conditions. Data were analysed using repeated measures ANOVA with Cohen's d effect sizes.
RESULTS: Compared to IF, EF increased injured-side quadriceps force production at 60°/s (p < 0.05). On the uninjured side, EF significantly increased both hamstring and quadriceps force production at all speeds (p < 0.01; d = 0.30-0.37). In YBT, EF yielded higher posteromedial/posterolateral distances and composite scores versus IF and NF (p < 0.05; d = 0.42-0.63). EF produced greater distances in all single-leg hops on both sides versus IF (p < 0.05; d = 0.19-0.39). No significant differences occurred in vertical jumps.
CONCLUSION: Attentional focus significantly influences performance post-ACLR. Using EF minimizes the inhibitory effects of IF, providing a more accurate representation of true functional limits. Clinicians should standardize EF guidelines to improve RTS decision-making based on maximum achievable performance.
DESIGN/SETTING/PATIENTS: Cross-sectional study in a research laboratory. 35 participants (10F/25M, 24,3 ± 7,77 years) who underwent primary unilateral ACLR with hamstring grafts (35.1 ± 9.2 weeks post-surgery) were included.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Participants performed isokinetic knee extension/flexion, Y-Balance Test (YBT), single/triple/crossover hops, and vertical jumps under randomized EF, IF, and NF conditions. Data were analysed using repeated measures ANOVA with Cohen's d effect sizes.
RESULTS: Compared to IF, EF increased injured-side quadriceps force production at 60°/s (p < 0.05). On the uninjured side, EF significantly increased both hamstring and quadriceps force production at all speeds (p < 0.01; d = 0.30-0.37). In YBT, EF yielded higher posteromedial/posterolateral distances and composite scores versus IF and NF (p < 0.05; d = 0.42-0.63). EF produced greater distances in all single-leg hops on both sides versus IF (p < 0.05; d = 0.19-0.39). No significant differences occurred in vertical jumps.
CONCLUSION: Attentional focus significantly influences performance post-ACLR. Using EF minimizes the inhibitory effects of IF, providing a more accurate representation of true functional limits. Clinicians should standardize EF guidelines to improve RTS decision-making based on maximum achievable performance.