Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.) · 2026
Effect of dietary nutrient supplementation on birth outcomes in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus: A network metaanalysis.
СтатьяNetwork Meta-AnalysisНазвание и аннотация: Перевод в очереди
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Jia Xiaomin, Gao Guopeng, Yan Shuangqin
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) adversely impacts maternal and fetal health. This study analyzed the effects of dietary supplements on birth outcomes in GDM pregnancies and offspring.
METHODS: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science were searched until August 30, 2024, and the search was updated on January 10, 2026. Cochrane's risk of bias tool assessed study quality; Stata17 performed analyses.
RESULTS: A total of 11 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included, with 1431 pregnant women with GDM. Probiotics significantly reduced the incidence of macrosomia compared to placebos (risk ratio [RR] = 5.98, 95% credible interval [CrI][1.11, 43.42]). No other significant differences were found for primary outcomes. Surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) probabilities indicated that synbiotic was ranked best for reducing cesarean delivery (SUCRA = 78.20%), and probiotic plus vitamin D was best for lowering preeclampsia risk (SUCRA = 78.64%). In newborns, ω3 was best for reducing preterm birth (SUCRA = 72.08%), high-dose vitamin D for increasing birth length (SUCRA = 87.15%), probiotic plus vitamin D for increasing head circumference (SUCRA = 84.08%) and reducing macrosomia (SUCRA = 78.92%), and L-ascorbic acid for lowering neonatal hypoglycemia (SUCRA = 98.99%).
CONCLUSION: No single intervention had a significant effect on all outcomes in both mothers and newborns. Notable among the interventions were vitamin D and its combination with other dietary supplements, especially probiotic plus vitamin D. Further confirmation is expected from larger-sample multicenter RCTs in the future.
METHODS: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science were searched until August 30, 2024, and the search was updated on January 10, 2026. Cochrane's risk of bias tool assessed study quality; Stata17 performed analyses.
RESULTS: A total of 11 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included, with 1431 pregnant women with GDM. Probiotics significantly reduced the incidence of macrosomia compared to placebos (risk ratio [RR] = 5.98, 95% credible interval [CrI][1.11, 43.42]). No other significant differences were found for primary outcomes. Surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) probabilities indicated that synbiotic was ranked best for reducing cesarean delivery (SUCRA = 78.20%), and probiotic plus vitamin D was best for lowering preeclampsia risk (SUCRA = 78.64%). In newborns, ω3 was best for reducing preterm birth (SUCRA = 72.08%), high-dose vitamin D for increasing birth length (SUCRA = 87.15%), probiotic plus vitamin D for increasing head circumference (SUCRA = 84.08%) and reducing macrosomia (SUCRA = 78.92%), and L-ascorbic acid for lowering neonatal hypoglycemia (SUCRA = 98.99%).
CONCLUSION: No single intervention had a significant effect on all outcomes in both mothers and newborns. Notable among the interventions were vitamin D and its combination with other dietary supplements, especially probiotic plus vitamin D. Further confirmation is expected from larger-sample multicenter RCTs in the future.