Journal of gynecology obstetrics and human reproduction · 2026
Comparison of live birth and perinatal outcomes between fresh oocyte donation followed by frozen embryo transfer and frozen oocyte donation with fresh embryo transfer.
СтатьяСравнительное исследованиеНазвание и аннотация: Перевод в очереди
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Zhang Shuoping, Dong Shaonan, Yu Yangfeng, Gu Yifan, Zhang Zhan, LiLi, Song Juan, Zhang Shunji, Lin Ge, Gong Fei
Аннотация
OBJECTIVE: To compare clinical outcomes between the two most commonly employed oocyte donation protocols: fresh oocyte donation followed by frozen embryo transfer (fresh OD - frozen ET) and frozen oocyte donation with fresh embryo transfer (frozen OD - fresh ET).
METHODS: This retrospective cohort study was carried out at a university-affiliated reproductive center and included 507 patients who underwent donor oocyte cycles. The primary endpoint was cumulative live birth rate (CLBR), which was defined as the proportion of patients achieving at least one live birth per initiated oocyte donation cycle. The secondary outcomes encompassed embryological parameters and perinatal results.
RESULTS: Vitrified oocytes exhibited a 94.8% post-warming survival rate. No statistically significant differences were observed between the fresh OD - frozen ET and frozen OD - fresh ET groups in terms of the fertilization rate, day 3 cleavage rate, and day 3 high-quality embryo rate. The CLBR per initiated cycle was 58.9% in the fresh OD - frozen ET group versus 56.7% in the frozen OD - fresh ET group (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.08; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.75-1.55). The live birth rates following the first embryo transfer were similar between the two groups (48.5% vs. 51.5%; aOR = 0.84; 95% CI 0.47-1.50). Regarding perinatal outcomes, there were no significant differences between the two groups in the rates of gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes, gestational anemia, placenta previa, caesarean section, preterm birth, and neonatal malformation. Among twin births, the rate of large-for-gestational-age infants was significantly higher in the fresh OD - frozen ET group than in the frozen OD - fresh ET group (22.6% vs. 8.1%; aOR = 3.21; 95% CI 1.19-8.62).
CONCLUSIONS: When fresh oocyte donation is followed by frozen embryo transfer, the resulting CLBRs are comparable to those achieved through the strategy of frozen oocyte donation combined with fresh embryo transfer. However, the fresh OD - frozen ET approach is associated with a higher risk of delivering infants with high birth weight compared to the frozen OD - fresh ET approach.
METHODS: This retrospective cohort study was carried out at a university-affiliated reproductive center and included 507 patients who underwent donor oocyte cycles. The primary endpoint was cumulative live birth rate (CLBR), which was defined as the proportion of patients achieving at least one live birth per initiated oocyte donation cycle. The secondary outcomes encompassed embryological parameters and perinatal results.
RESULTS: Vitrified oocytes exhibited a 94.8% post-warming survival rate. No statistically significant differences were observed between the fresh OD - frozen ET and frozen OD - fresh ET groups in terms of the fertilization rate, day 3 cleavage rate, and day 3 high-quality embryo rate. The CLBR per initiated cycle was 58.9% in the fresh OD - frozen ET group versus 56.7% in the frozen OD - fresh ET group (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.08; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.75-1.55). The live birth rates following the first embryo transfer were similar between the two groups (48.5% vs. 51.5%; aOR = 0.84; 95% CI 0.47-1.50). Regarding perinatal outcomes, there were no significant differences between the two groups in the rates of gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes, gestational anemia, placenta previa, caesarean section, preterm birth, and neonatal malformation. Among twin births, the rate of large-for-gestational-age infants was significantly higher in the fresh OD - frozen ET group than in the frozen OD - fresh ET group (22.6% vs. 8.1%; aOR = 3.21; 95% CI 1.19-8.62).
CONCLUSIONS: When fresh oocyte donation is followed by frozen embryo transfer, the resulting CLBRs are comparable to those achieved through the strategy of frozen oocyte donation combined with fresh embryo transfer. However, the fresh OD - frozen ET approach is associated with a higher risk of delivering infants with high birth weight compared to the frozen OD - fresh ET approach.