Maternal and neonatal outcomes associated with preeclampsia among Omani women: A restrospective unmatched case control study.

BackgroundPreeclampsia (PE) is a prominent cause of maternal and newborn morbidity, although its impact in Oman is not well documented.ObjectivesTo determine the prevalence of PE and its association with maternal and neonatal outcomes among Omani women.DesignA retrospective, unmatched case-control study.MethodsThe study was carried out at two tertiary hospitals in Muscat (2021-2023), comprising both cases (preeclamptic women) and controls (normotensive women) with singleton pregnancies. The independent effect of PE on maternal and neonatal outcomes was assessed using binary logistic regression, adjusting for confounders.ResultsThe prevalence of PE was 25.0% in 668 women (167 cases and 501 controls). PE was a significant independent predictor of all unfavorable outcomes, including preterm delivery (AOR=9.15), cesarean section (AOR=9.66), low birth weight (AOR=15.09), low 5-minute Apgar score (AOR=14.22), and NICU hospitalization (AOR=16.12) (all p<0.001). Severe maternal morbidity (e.g., HELLP, eclampsia) occurred only in the PE group.ConclusionPE is a strong, independent predictor of severe adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes in this Omani cohort, emphasizing the critical need for targeted strategies in early detection, close surveillance, and specialized care to mitigate risks and improve perinatal health outcomes in Oman.