Evidence-based early-post natal approaches to limiting pulmonary disease in extremely low birth weight infants.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a common complication among extremely low birth weight Infants. Evidence suggest that the incidence of BPD is increasing. This review examines current evidence-based strategies initiated early in life for prevention of BPD.

RECENT FINDINGS: In this review of early life approaches for prevention of BPD, perinatal interventions, respiratory support strategies, surfactant therapy, pharmacological therapies, fluid management, patent ductus arteriosus management, nutrition, and dietary supplements are discussed.

SUMMARY: There is no single effective strategy to prevent BPD in all at risk infants. Therefore, clinicians must use multifaceted evidence-based strategies, beginning during the perinatal period, to reduce the risk of developing BPD in preterm infants.