[Review of common shoulder and elbow pathologies in athletes].

Sport participation in Switzerland is steadily growing, with 8% sustaining injuries while practicing. Most popular sports include hiking, cycling, swimming, alpine skiing, and fitness. Thirty percent of shoulder injuries in urban areas are sport-related, mainly from football, cycling, and alpine skiing. Pathologies vary by arm movement : below horizontal (running, ice hockey), above the head (swimming), or throwing (handball). It is essential to differentiate biomechanical adaptations from actual injuries. This article summarizes common pathologies and highlights surgical management of less frequent but potentially disabling injuries.