Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Cardiovascular Disease: Mechanisms, Diagnostics, and Emerging Therapeutic Approaches.

Current diagnostic methods for OSA and CSA are costly, unreliable, and the therapeutic options are limited, with varying efficacy across patients. As the prevalence of sleep apnea and cardiovascular disease continue to rise, identifying innovative therapies through advances in biomedicine and personalized medicine has become increasingly critical. This review discusses the mechanistic links between sleep apnea and subsequent cardiovascular outcomes from a technical perspective, focusing on innovations currently applied to the diagnosis and treatment of sleep apnea, and opportunities for further advancement in the field.