Long-Term Outcomes After Interventions for Infants with Congenital Heart Defects.

Congenital heart defects (CHD) affect approximately 1 of every 100 live births in the United States. Advances in surgical and transcatheter interventions since the 1970s have markedly improved survival, with over 85% of affected infants now reaching adulthood. Clinical registries have enabled crucial insights into peri-operative and long-term outcomes. While survival has improved, patients with history of CHD interventions often face comorbidities, such as heart failure, arrhythmias, and neurodevelopmental challenges. Lifelong surveillance is essential, as most interventions do not constitute a cure but an important part of a life-long management of a chronic congenital condition.