Congenital Heart Block.

Congenital heart block (CHB) is a rare fetal arrhythmia resulting from disruptions in the heart's electrical conduction system, often linked to maternal autoantibodies or congenital heart defects. This article examines the clinical presentation, pathophysiology, and diagnostic strategies of CHB, emphasizing advances in fetal echocardiography, maternal hydroxychloroquine prophylaxis, and multimodal therapies for refractory cases. Management options, including corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin, and pacemaker implantation, are discussed alongside emerging technologies and pacing systems. By integrating current evidence, this article highlights the importance of early diagnosis, multidisciplinary care, and innovative interventions to improve outcomes for affected pregnancies and neonates.