Qualitative study on diversity in vascular surgery in Europe: views on current states of affairs and ways to move forward.

BACKGROUND

Equality, diversity, and inclusion (EDI) is associated with improved decision-making and team functioning. Despite these benefits, the field of vascular surgery remains predominantly Caucasian and men, with underrepresentation of other groups. This qualitative study assessed the perceived EDI within the field of vascular surgery and explored strategies to foster a more inclusive organizational culture.

METHODS

This qualitative study involved semi-structured online interviews with vascular surgeons and surgical residents (November 2023-May 2024). Interviews focused on participants' perceived identities, views on EDI within vascular surgery, and suggestions for promoting EDI. Results were analyzed using thematic content analysis.

RESULTS

In total, 43 participants took part, (age 20-70, 58.1% men, 41.9% women, 62.8% consultant vascular surgeons). Three primary domains emerged: the perceptions of current state of affairs, perceived barriers to improve EDI and perceived strategies to improve EDI. Themes regarding the perception of current state of affairs included gender/parenthood, ethnicity, generational differences, religion, personality, country and sexual orientation. Women, non-Europeans, and individuals from rural or low socio-economic workplaces were perceived as underrepresented. Participants emphasized the need for a more diverse field and acknowledging the importance of EDI. Suggested strategies included increasing awareness, education, transparency, supporting underrepresented groups, diverse role models and implementing quotas.

CONCLUSIONS

Most participants stated a persistent issue in EDI within the field, with the most described aspects being gender and ethnic inequality. The findings highlight the need for structural and cultural change, emphasizing that targeted initiatives such as awareness campaigns, evidence-based education, and the promotion of diverse leadership, are essential to foster lasting equity and inclusion within vascular surgery.