Development of site-specific predictive equations for epicutaneo-caval catheter insertion depth by body weight in neonates.

BACKGROUND

Epicutaneo-cava catheters (ECCs) are crucial for securing vital venous access in neonates, particularly in those with extremely low birth weight (ELBW). We aimed to formulate predictive equations for determining the appropriate insertion length of ECCs at various insertion sites by body weight in neonates.

METHODS

Neonates receiving ECCs between January 2023 and June 2024 were included for this study. We extracted data from the electronic medical records including date of birth, gender, body weight, length, head circumference, gestational age at birth, insertion regions, ECC placement date, total catheter length, and actual ECC placement length. Linear regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the association between insertion length at various sites and body weight, which facilitated the development of predictive equations.

RESULTS

In this study, we included 428 neonates who underwent the insertion of ECCs across seven distinct sites. We developed predictive equations for determining the insertion length based on body weight for each region. Scatter plot analyses demonstrated that these equations effectively differentiated across the various regions. The regression analysis yielded adjusted R2 values ranging from 0.71 to 0.92, indicating a strong predictive capability.

CONCLUSIONS

In the current study, we formulated seven equations to predict the insertion length of ECCs at various insertion regions, utilizing body weight as the primary predictor. The equations demonstrate relatively good performance, which may enhance the success rate of ECC insertions and decrease the incidence of complications.