Role of tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 19 in cancer: Diverse functions and therapeutic potential (Review).

Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 19 (TNFRSF19), as a principal member of the TNFRSF, is highly expressed across a variety of invasive neoplastic diseases. It facilitates the evasion of host anti-cancer immune responses by remodelling the immunosuppressive cancer microenvironment, thereby playing a key role in immune evasion; conversely, inhibiting its expression can significantly delay cancer progression. This article provides a systematic review of the functional diversity of this molecule, its encoding of two functionally distinct isoforms via differential transcription initiation, the mechanisms underlying its pro-cancer and anti-cancer effects in various cancer diseases, and its potential value in targeted intervention strategies, clinical translation and the regulation of the cancer immune microenvironment, thereby providing a theoretical foundation for further mechanistic investigations in oncology and for the development of combinatorial immunotherapeutic regimens incorporating TNFRSF19-targeted interventions.