Relative and attributable risks of neurological and perinatal adverse outcomes among children with and without prenatal Zika virus exposure in Northeast Brazil: A prospective cohort study (2015-2018).
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Fontes Juliana Menezes Soares de Souza Azevedo, Miranda-Filho Demócrito de Barros, Montarroyos Ulisses Ramos, de Araújo Thalia Velho Barreto, Turchi Martelli Celina Maria, Rodrigues Laura Cunha, Brickley Elizabeth, de Albuquerque Maria de Fátima Pessoa Militão, Souza Wayner Vieira, Ventura Liana Maria Vieira de Oliveira, Ventura Camila Vieira de Oliveira, Gois Adriana Lima, Gouveia Mariana de Carvalho Leal, Oliveira Danielle Maria da Silva, Eickmann Sophie Helena, Carvalho Maria Durce Costa Gomes, da Silva Paula Fabiana Sobral, Rocha Maria Ângela Wanderley, Ramos Regina Coeli Ferreira, Brandão-Filho Sinval Pinto, Cordeiro Marli Tenorio, Bezerra Luciana Caroline Albuquerque, Dimech George Santiago, Alves Sandra Valongueiro, Ferreira Neto Pedro Pires, Castanha Priscila Mayrelle da Silva, Dhalia Rafael, Marques Ernesto Torres de Azevedo, Fulco Gabriela Renata Neves, Silva Maria Valquíria de Medeiros, Ximenes Ricardo Arraes de Alencar, Microcephaly Epidemic Research Group (MERG)
Аннотация
METHODS: To overcome this limitation, this study harmonized and integrated data collected prospectively in Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil, from offspring of ZIKV-exposed women in the Microcephaly Epidemic Research Group (MERG) Pregnant Women Cohort and from offspring of ZIKV-unexposed women in the Zika in Infants and Pregnancy (ZIP) Study. We compared the data to estimate the relative risk (RR) and attributable risk percent (AR%) of: (i) adverse birth outcomes including low birth weight (LBW), prematurity and small for gestational age (SGA) and (ii) developmental abnormalities including microcephaly and neurological, ophthalmological, audiological, and neuroimaging alterations.
FINDINGS: We observed similar odds of adverse birth outcomes and ophthalmological deficits in ZIKV-exposed and unexposed children. However, as compared to ZIKV-unexposed children, ZIKV-exposed children presented with markedly increased risks of microcephaly (RR, 95%-CI: 3.61, 1.70 to 7.63 AR 72%), neurological abnormalities (RR, 95%-CI: 5.64, 3.04 to 10.47.79AR 82%), audiological screening failures (RR, 95%-CI: 9.20, 2.59 to 32.69 AR 89%), and neuroimaging abnormalities (RR, 95%-CI: 22.06, 2.90 to 167.5; AR 95%). The risk of having concurrent abnormalities was lower than the risk of having just one abnormality. Our results provide new insights into the relative and attributable risks related to prenatal ZIKV exposure and demonstrate that, overall, the risks of congenital abnormalities are elevated among children exposed to ZIKV during pregnancy compared to their ZIKV-unexposed peers.