Are serum delta neutrophil index and other inflammatory marker levels different in hyperemesis gravidarum?

AIM: Hyperemesis gravidarum (HEG) is a condition characterized by nausea and vomiting, fluid electrolyte and acid-base imbalance, dehydration, weight loss, and ketonuria in early pregnancy. The relationship of HEG with inflammation has been studied in many studies. This study aimed to investigate the role of serum delta neutrophil index (DNI), a new inflammatory marker, and other inflammatory markers in demonstrating the disease's presence and severity in HEG patients.

MATERIAL AND METHOD: This retrospective study was conducted by accessing the electronic data of 79 pregnant women diagnosed with HEG in a tertiary center between 2017 and 2022 and 100 healthy pregnant women. The demographic characteristics of the study and control groups, as well as the hematological parameters in the complete blood count and the levels of inflammatory markers, were recorded.

RESULTS

There was no significant difference between the groups regarding hematological parameters, DNI, platelet-lymphocyte ratio, monocyte-lymphocyte ratio, and systemic inflammation index (p > 0.05). Neutrophil count and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were higher in the HEG group compared to the control group (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

This is the first study to determine the relationship between HEG and serum DNI, a new inflammatory marker. We found that serum DNI values in HEG patients were not different from normal pregnancies and did not reflect the presence and severity of the disease. We also found that inflammatory markers other than the NLR were not different from normal pregnancies in HEG patients.