Risk Factors for Gestational Stress Urinary Incontinence: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: Pregnant women's physical health and quality of life are affected by gestational stress urinary incontinence (GSUI), requiring therapeutic attention to this obstetric issue.

METHODS

To review and analyze the factors influencing GSUI, a literature search was conducted in both Chinese and English databases, including Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, WanFang, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. Cohort studies, cross-sectional studies, and other studies that fit the population and research focus were included; conference papers and review articles were not.

RESULTS

Twenty studies were included. In the univariate analysis, factors influencing GSUI included: previous vaginal delivery, parity, miscarriage, previous infant > 4 kg, age, constipation during pregnancy, pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT), and multiple gravidity. In the multivariate analysis, factors influencing GSUI included previous vaginal delivery, parity, previous infant > 4 kg, age, constipation during pregnancy, PFMT, BMI during pregnancy, and gestational age.

CONCLUSIONS

Previous vaginal delivery, constipation, and previous infant > 4 kg are key risk factors for GSUI, with PFMT showing a protective effect. Clinicians should integrate preventive strategies into antenatal care to reduce the incidence of GSUI.