Knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward African swine fever among commercial pig farm producers in Takeo and Kampong Speu provinces, Cambodia.

African swine fever (ASF) poses a major transboundary threat to swine production in Cambodia and across the Asia-Pacific region, with significant economic and food security implications. A cross-sectional survey was conducted from August to October 2024 to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of commercial pig producers in Kampong Speu and Takeo provinces regarding ASF prevention and control. A structured questionnaire was administered to 76 commercial farms housing more than 100 fattening pigs or 50 breeding pigs. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize KAP levels, biosecurity implementation, and challenges, while inferential analyses explored associations among KAP components. Scores were categorized according to Bloom's cut-off criteria as poor (< 60%), moderate (60%-80%), or good (>80%). Respondents generally demonstrated moderate knowledge of ASF characteristics, transmission pathways, and prevention and control measures (73.6%; 95% CI: 64.2-75.5). Nonetheless, notable gaps remained, particularly in recognizing clinical signs and understanding diagnostic procedures ([41.4%; 95% CI: 34.6-49.7). Most producers expressed positive attitudes toward ASF-related biosecurity measures (89.4%; 95% CI: 80.6-94.6) and reported high compliance with hygiene protocols and equipment disinfection (88.3%; 95% CI: 79.0-93.6). No significant associations were found between knowledge and either attitude or practice (p > 0.05), and sociodemographic factors did not significantly influence KAP outcomes (p > 0.05). In conclusion, commercial pig producers demonstrated moderate knowledge and generally positive attitudes toward ASF prevention, with strong implementation of several routine biosecurity and hygiene practices. However, important gaps remained in ASF reporting, visitor-log recording, and emergency preparedness knowledge. To achieve sustainable control, interventions should move beyond information dissemination and promote behavioral change through targeted education, continuous veterinary engagement, and practical biosecurity support. Strengthening these components will be essential for enhancing ASF preparedness and resilience within Cambodia's commercial pig sector, thereby mitigating the risk of disease spread.