End-to-side innervated sensate radial forearm flap in the hand: A 5-year follow-up.

Optimal functional reconstruction of the palmar surface of the hand requires good sensibility especially for the thumb and the radial side of the fingers. We report the long-term results of a distally based radial forearm flap (RFF) used for soft tissue coverage in the palm, index and middle finger and an end-to-side neurorrhaphy between the lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve (LACN) and the proper palmar digital nerve of the middle finger to restore sensation. At 5 years' follow-up, the patient's sensory recovery was assessed through static and moving two-point discrimination, light touch sensation, pain perception, hot and cold temperature perception, an electrophysiological study and sweat test. An S3+ sensory recovery on the British Medical Research Council scale, as modified by Mackinnon and Dellon, was noted together with a good perception in the palm compared to decreased perception in the volar surface of the proximal phalanx. These findings prove that the RFF can provide good functional coverage of the palm together with good sensitivity by end-to-side reinnervation.