Mental Health in Pregnant Women with a History of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery: A Systematic Review of Depression, Anxiety, Eating Disorders, and Substance Use.

Metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) effectively treats obesity in reproductive-age women and has been linked to improvements in pre-existing mental health conditions. However, during pregnancy, women with a history of MBS may still experience an increased risk of developing mental health issues, regardless of their status before surgery. This systematic review of seven studies, encompassing 4992 participants, revealed higher rates of antenatal depression (7.6%-38%) and anxiety (24.4%-64%) in post-MBS women. Marital status, psychiatric history, and weight loss were identified as contributing factors. The findings highlight the need for comprehensive mental health screening, fertility education, and targeted support for post-MBS women. Despite MBS's benefits in treating obesity and improving maternal and neonatal outcomes, the potential for increased mental health conditions necessitates a more holistic approach to care for this population.