Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) · 2025
Maternal exposure to PM2.5 and its association with adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes: A prospective cohort study.
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Parikh Garvita, Mehta Amiya Udayan, Siddiqui Niyamat Ali, Kumar Krishna, Adhikary Mihir, Patel Bhoomika
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Maternal exposure to ambient air pollution is linked to various adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes (AP&BO). However, the association between particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5 μm (PM2.5) and AP&BO in India remains largely unexplored.
OBJECTIVE: We aimed to investigate the association between PM2.5 exposure and adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes in a prospective, hospital-based cohort study.
METHODS: 406 pregnant women aged 19-35, who were in their third trimester, were enrolled as per the inclusion/exclusion criteria. The study participants were divided into two groups according to their residential area's air quality: Unexposed (203) and Exposed (203). A questionnaire was filled and 5 mL of umbilical cord blood and placental tissues were collected after delivery. Additionally, we analysed the systemic inflammatory markers (CRP, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β) in the cord blood and the presence of black carbon in 50 placental tissue samples.
RESULTS: Each 10 µg/m3 increase in PM2.5 had a statistically significant relation with pre-eclampsia, preterm labor, preterm birth, low birth weight, and small for gestational age, even after accounting for possible confounders. A statistically significant association between CRP, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β, with each 10 µg/m³ increase of PM2.5, was observed. Black carbon (BC) deposition was detected at the foetal side of the placenta only in the exposed group.
CONCLUSION: Our study indicates that maternal exposure to increased levels of PM2.5 during the third trimester is associated with an increased risk for AP&BO.
OBJECTIVE: We aimed to investigate the association between PM2.5 exposure and adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes in a prospective, hospital-based cohort study.
METHODS: 406 pregnant women aged 19-35, who were in their third trimester, were enrolled as per the inclusion/exclusion criteria. The study participants were divided into two groups according to their residential area's air quality: Unexposed (203) and Exposed (203). A questionnaire was filled and 5 mL of umbilical cord blood and placental tissues were collected after delivery. Additionally, we analysed the systemic inflammatory markers (CRP, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β) in the cord blood and the presence of black carbon in 50 placental tissue samples.
RESULTS: Each 10 µg/m3 increase in PM2.5 had a statistically significant relation with pre-eclampsia, preterm labor, preterm birth, low birth weight, and small for gestational age, even after accounting for possible confounders. A statistically significant association between CRP, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β, with each 10 µg/m³ increase of PM2.5, was observed. Black carbon (BC) deposition was detected at the foetal side of the placenta only in the exposed group.
CONCLUSION: Our study indicates that maternal exposure to increased levels of PM2.5 during the third trimester is associated with an increased risk for AP&BO.