Invasive and metastatic hydatidiform moles in Slovakia in 1993‒2022.

OBJECTIVE

A retrospective analysis of invasive and metastatic hydatidiform moles (HM) in the Slovak Republic (SR)‒epidemiology, patient characteristics and treatment outcomes.

BACKROUND: Invasive and metastatic mole is a highly curable type of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. Both invasive and metastatic HM may be cured by hysterectomy without adjuvant chemotherapy.

METHODS

Nineteen cases of histopathologically confirmed HM (10 invasive and 9 metastatic) were treated in SR from 1993 to 2022. Patients were divided into two groups according to treatment modality (hysterectomy only ‒ 8; hysterectomy and chemotherapy ‒ 11). The parameters included in the analysis were patient age, antecedent pregnancy, human chorionic gonadotropin level, tumor size and time to remission.

RESULTS

The incidence of invasive and metastatic HM in the SR was 1:121,253 pregnancies, or 1:86,589 live births. The overall cure rate was 100%, without recurrence. Hysterectomy was performed as first-line therapy in 14 patients, with a cure rate of 57.1%. 4 out of 8 patients (50%) with metastatic moles, who underwent first-line hysterectomy, were cured without chemotherapy. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in all selected parameters.

CONCLUSION

First-line hysterectomy may lead to remission without adjuvant chemotherapy or reduce the number of chemotherapies in invasive and metastatic HM (Tab. 4, Fig. 2, Ref. 21).