International emergency nursing · 2026
Pain catastrophizing and its role in acute emotional distress among emergency trauma patients: Implications for emergency nursing care.
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Cengiz Tuğba, Yılmaz Emel
Аннотация
AIM: This study aimed to assess the role of pain catastrophizing in acute emotional distress, including pain, fear, and state anxiety, among trauma patients presenting to the emergency department.
METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 400 adult trauma patients presenting with isolated upper or lower extremity fractures. Data were collected using a sociodemographic form, the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for pain/fear, the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), and the Spielberger State Anxiety Inventory (STAI-State). Descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling were used to examine associations among pain-related, cognitive, and psychological variables.
RESULTS: Participants reported moderate to high levels of acute pain (VAS = 7.05 ± 1.74), fear (VAS = 5.66 ± 2.12), pain catastrophizing (PCS = 24.19 ± 12.37), and state anxiety (STAI-S = 46.60 ± 6.40). Pain intensity and fear were strongly associated (rₛ = 0.865, p < 0.001). Both variables showed significant positive associations with pain catastrophizing and state anxiety (all p < 0.001). Structural equation modeling indicated that the associations between pain- and fear-related distress and state anxiety were accounted for by pain catastrophizing. When catastrophizing was considered, the associations between pain or fear and state anxiety were no longer evident.
CONCLUSION: These findings underscore the importance of early, nurse-led assessment of pain catastrophizing to identify emergency trauma patients at risk for acute emotional distress and to inform holistic emergency nursing care.
METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 400 adult trauma patients presenting with isolated upper or lower extremity fractures. Data were collected using a sociodemographic form, the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for pain/fear, the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), and the Spielberger State Anxiety Inventory (STAI-State). Descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling were used to examine associations among pain-related, cognitive, and psychological variables.
RESULTS: Participants reported moderate to high levels of acute pain (VAS = 7.05 ± 1.74), fear (VAS = 5.66 ± 2.12), pain catastrophizing (PCS = 24.19 ± 12.37), and state anxiety (STAI-S = 46.60 ± 6.40). Pain intensity and fear were strongly associated (rₛ = 0.865, p < 0.001). Both variables showed significant positive associations with pain catastrophizing and state anxiety (all p < 0.001). Structural equation modeling indicated that the associations between pain- and fear-related distress and state anxiety were accounted for by pain catastrophizing. When catastrophizing was considered, the associations between pain or fear and state anxiety were no longer evident.
CONCLUSION: These findings underscore the importance of early, nurse-led assessment of pain catastrophizing to identify emergency trauma patients at risk for acute emotional distress and to inform holistic emergency nursing care.