Investigation of Intraoperative Pressure Injury Risk Scores and Associated Factors in Patients Undergoing Open-heart Surgery: A Single-center Cross-sectional Study.

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to assess intraoperative pressure injury risk scores using the 3S Operating Theater Pressure Injury Risk Diagnosis Scale and to identify individual and surgical factors associated with higher risk scores in patients undergoing open-heart surgery.

DESIGN

This study was conducted as a cross-sectional study.

METHODS

Ethical approval was obtained prior to the start of the study. The study was conducted between January 15, 2023, and April 1, 2023. The sample consisted of 147 patients who underwent open-heart surgery at a university hospital in Şanlıurfa, Turkey. Data were collected using the Patient Identification Form and the 3S Operating Theater Pressure Injury Risk Diagnosis Scale. Data collection occurred 1 day before and on the day of surgery. SPSS 23.0 was used for data analysis, with P less than .05 considered statistically significant. This study utilized the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology checklist for reporting.

FINDINGS: The mean age of patients was 61.51 ± 11.66 years; 63.1% were males and 40.6% had completed secondary education. The mean 3S risk score was 23.19 ± 2.38 (range: 15 to 28), placing patients at the moderate-to-high risk level. In univariate analysis, higher body mass index (BMI) (P = .005), prolonged surgery duration (P = .001), and moderate hypothermia (P = .030) were significantly associated with higher risk scores. In multivariable regression analysis, only BMI (P = .025) and surgery duration (P = .001) remained significant independent predictors, while hypothermia lost statistical significance (P = .143). Patients undergoing surgery for greater than or equal to 6 hours and those with a BMI greater than or equal to 25 kg/m² had significantly higher risk scores.

CONCLUSIONS

This study showed that BMI and surgery duration are independent predictors of intraoperative pressure injury risk scores in patients undergoing open-heart surgery. Although moderate hypothermia was associated with higher risk scores in univariate analysis, it was not an independent predictor when adjusted for other factors in multivariable analysis. Preventive measures should be enhanced, especially for patients with prolonged surgeries and high BMI.