STAT signaling pathway in pregnancy stages and related to complications.

Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins are essential DNA-binding proteins that not only facilitate signal transduction but also play a critical role in regulating gene transcription, making them vital for cellular communication and response. Considering the role of this protein in biological processes such as proliferation, differentiation, and inflammation, its significance in the reproductive system, particularly during pregnancy, is undeniable. STAT signaling is essential for controlling embryonic implantation and endometrial decidualization during pregnancy, ensuring the building and preservation of maternal-fetal immune tolerance. Recent studies suggest a role for STAT in pregnancy-related issues such as implantation failure (IF), spontaneous abortion (SA), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and preeclampsia (PE). This study aims to evaluate the mechanisms of STAT signaling in maintaining normal pregnancy processes and the complication related to its dysregulation, in order to propose appropriate therapeutic approaches based on this signaling.