Waterborne Toxicants for the Exotic Animal Patient.

Water can serve as a vector for distribution and exposure to both toxins and toxicants. Because water is essential for all species, water quality impacts the health of wildlife and animals under managed care. Waterborne toxicants and toxins in exotic species include heavy metals, pesticides, fungicides, herbicides, algal blooms, nitrogenous wastes, and water treatment chemicals. Susceptibility varies by species, and mitigation typically requires supportive care and removal of the source of contamination.