Platelet-Rich Plasma, Bone Morphogenetic Protein, and Stem Cell Therapies.

The frequency of use of "biologics," including platelet-rich plasma (PRP), bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), and stem cell therapies in the treatment of orthopaedic conditions has significantly increased over the past few decades. The use of PRP and stem cells has been proposed for a wide variety of conditions including knee and hip osteoarthritis (OA), tendon strains and tendinopathies, muscle strains, and acute and chronic soft-tissue injuries. It has also been proposed for use in the enhancement of healing during surgical treatments. BMP has seen use in promoting fracture union and spinal fusion and has been researched as an adjunct in other procedures as well. The current state of the literature in the use and support of these biologics is outlined here.